logoUbuntu系统20.04版本下安装docker | 草莓熊的树洞
RSS

Ubuntu系统20.04版本下安装docker（2024-12-27） ​

离线安装 ​

  1. Go to https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/.

  2. Select your Ubuntu version in the list.

  3. Go to pool/stable/ and select the applicable architecture (amd64, armhf, arm64, or s390x).

  4. Download the following deb files for the Docker Engine, CLI, containerd, and Docker Compose packages:

    • containerd.io_<version>_<arch>.deb
    • docker-ce_<version>_<arch>.deb
    • docker-ce-cli_<version>_<arch>.deb
    • docker-buildx-plugin_<version>_<arch>.deb
    • docker-compose-plugin_<version>_<arch>.deb

  5. Install the .deb packages. Update the paths in the following example to where you downloaded the Docker packages.

    console
    $ sudo dpkg -i ./containerd.io_<version>_<arch>.deb \
  ./docker-ce_<version>_<arch>.deb \
  ./docker-ce-cli_<version>_<arch>.deb \
  ./docker-buildx-plugin_<version>_<arch>.deb \
  ./docker-compose-plugin_<version>_<arch>.deb

    The Docker daemon starts automatically.

  6. Verify that the installation is successful by running the hello-world image:

    console
    $ sudo service docker start
$ sudo docker run hello-world

    This command downloads a test image and runs it in a container. When the container runs, it prints a confirmation message and exits.

apt仓库安装 ​

bash
# Add Docker's official GPG key:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

# Add the repository to Apt sources:
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt-get update

# 安装docker包
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
#验证安装是否成功，运行hello-world镜像
sudo docker run hello-world

在线安装 ​

在Ubuntu虚拟机中安装Docker，您可以遵循以下步骤。请确保您的虚拟机有互联网连接，以便下载必要的软件包。

1. 更新APT包索引 ​

打开终端并运行以下命令来更新现有的包索引：

bash
sudo apt-get update

2. 安装所需的软件包 ​

安装一些必要的软件包，以允许apt通过HTTPS使用存储库：

bash
sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common

3. 添加Docker的官方GPG密钥 ​

这一步是验证下载的软件包的完整性所必需的：

bash
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg
bash
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg

4. 设置稳定的存储库 ​

将Docker存储库添加到APT源列表：

bash
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
bash
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

5. 再次更新APT包索引 ​

添加了新的存储库之后，再次更新APT包索引：

bash
sudo apt-get update

6. 安装最新版本的Docker引擎 ​

现在可以安装Docker了：

bash
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

7. 验证安装 ​

确认Docker已正确安装并且能够正常运行：

bash
sudo docker run hello-world

这条命令会下载一个测试镜像并在容器中运行它，如果一切顺利，您应该会看到一条欢迎信息，说明Docker已经成功安装。

8. (可选) 将当前用户添加到docker组 ​

为了避免每次运行docker命令时都需要使用sudo，您可以将自己添加到docker用户组中（需要注销再重新登录或重启系统才能生效）：

bash
sudo usermod -aG docker ${USER}

完成上述步骤后，您已经在Ubuntu虚拟机上成功安装了Docker。如果您有任何问题或遇到错误，请随时提问！

9.注意事项 ​

上边的步骤中的官方地址可以换成软件源镜像地址

用镜像安装对应的软件

bash
# 清华源镜像地址
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/
# 官网地址
https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu

# 代替命令
sudo curl -fsSL https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
# 代替命令
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/ $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

卸载 ​

  1. Uninstall the Docker Engine, CLI, containerd, and Docker Compose packages:

    console
    $ sudo apt-get purge docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin docker-ce-rootless-extras

  2. Images, containers, volumes, or custom configuration files on your host aren't automatically removed. To delete all images, containers, and volumes:

    console
    $ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker
$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/containerd

  3. Remove source list and keyrings

    console
    $ sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list
$ sudo rm /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

You have to delete any edited configuration files manually.

bash
apt-get --no-install-recommends install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin